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Nataraja, Maheshwari, Mohini

Nataraja, Maheshwari, Mohini

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Nataraja:
Nataraja (Sanskrit: नटराज, IAST: Naṭarāja; Tamil: நடராஜர், Naṭarājar), also known as Adalvallan (ஆடல்வல்லான், Ādalvallāṉ), is a depiction of Shiva, one of the main deities in Hinduism, as the divine cosmic dancer. His dance is called the tandava. The pose and artwork are described in many Hindu texts such as the Tevaram and Thiruvasagam in Tamil and the Amshumadagama and Uttarakamika agama in Sanskrit and the Grantha texts. The dance murti featured in all major Hindu temples of Shaivism, and is a well-known sculptural symbol in India and popularly used as a symbol of Indian culture, as one of the finest illustrations of Hindu art. This form is also referred to as Kuththan (கூத்தன், Kūththaṉ), Sabesan (சபேசன், Sabēsaṉ), and Ambalavanan (அம்பலவாணன், Ambalavāṇaṉ) in various Tamil texts.
The sculpture is symbolic of Shiva as the lord of dance and dramatic arts, with its style and proportions made according to Hindu texts on arts. Tamil devotional texts such as the Tirumurai (The twelve books of Southern Shaivism) state that Nataraja is the form of Shiva in which he performs his functions of creation, destruction, preservation, and is also attributed with maya and the act of blessing his devotees. Thus, Nataraja is considered one of the highest forms of Shiva in Tamil Nadu, and the sculpture or the bronze idol of Nataraja is worshipped in almost all Shiva temples across Tamil Nadu. It typically shows Shiva dancing in one of the Natya Shastra poses, holding various symbols which vary with historic period and region, trampling upon a demon shown as a dwarf (Apasmara or Muyalaka) who symbolizes spiritual ignorance.
The classical form of the depiction appears in a pillar of rock cut temple at Seeyamangalam – Avanibhajana Pallaveshwaram Temple constructed by a Pallava King Mahendravarman I in 6th century CE, which is known by Archeological Survey of India and Archeological Survey of Tamil Nadu as the oldest known Nataraja sculpture in India. The stone reliefs at the Ellora Caves and the Badami Caves, by around the 6th century, are also among the oldest Nataraja sculptures in India. Ancient Tamil songs during the Bhakti movement written by the four Shaivite saints of Sambandar, Appar, Manikkavacakar, and Sundarar, popularly known as "Nalvar" (The four) extol Nataraja and describes the Nataraja Temple, Chidambaram as the home of Nataraja as the main deity, dating Nataraja worship way before the 7th century CE. Around the 8th to 10th century, statues emerged in Tamil Nadu in its mature and best-known expression in Chola bronzes, of various heights typically less than four feet, some over. Nataraja reliefs have been found in many parts of South East Asia such as Angkor Wat and in Bali, Cambodia, and Central Asia.
Maheshwari:
One of the seven Hindu mother goddesses, or Sapta Matrikas, the Goddess Maheshwari gets her name and power from the Hindu God Shiva, also known as Maheshwara. Her primary areas of devotion and spiritual guidance are protection, overcoming, and prayer. She is the protective aspect of Lakshmi. The prayer wheel, the mask, and the drum are her primary emblems. The Bull is her go-to animal or transportation (Nandi). According to Hinduism, the Sapta Matrikas are most frequently depicted in tandem and stand for the human passions that need to be conquered and subdued in order for Hindus to go forward into Sri Chakra. The Sapta Matrikas regard every desire as a facet of Devi (Goddess), which they subsequently absorb. Once they have assimilated every god, they *become* Her, meaning that She is no longer distinct from them. They conquer every passion in this way, just as they conquered every siddhi in the first enclosure wall. Anger is the passion Maheshwari stands for in this process. Typically, images of Goddess Maheshwari show her with four arms: two in the Varada Mudra (fulfilling wishes), one in the Abhaya Mudra (protection), and two holding the Sula (lance) and either an Akshamala or a Damaru.  This white-cheeked, three-eyed goddess, known as Trinetra, possesses many of Shiva's symbols and attributes. Among her six arms are a Trishula (trident), a Damaru (drum), an Akshamala (bead garland), a Panapatra (drinking vessel), an axe, an antelope, a kapala (skull bowl), a serpent, and bracelets depicting him holding two hands in the Varada and the Abhaya mudra.  She is sometimes depicted with a jaṭā mukuṭa (a headdress made of piled, matted hair) and a crescent moon.  There are a few extremely uncommon depictions of Goddess Maheshwari that show with five faces.
Mohini:
Mohini (Sanskrit: मोहिनी, Mohinī) is the Hindu goddess of enchantment. She is the only female avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu. She is portrayed as a femme fatale, an enchantress, who maddens lovers and demons, sometimes leading them to their doom. Mohini is introduced into Hinduism in the narrative epic of the Mahabharata. Here, she appears as a form of Vishnu following the Churning of the Ocean, a mesmerising beauty who distributes the amrita (the elixir of immortality) to the weakened devas (gods) and depriving it to the dominant asuras (demons), allowing the former to defeat the latter with their newfound immortality.
Many different legends tell of her various exploits and marriages, including her union with the god Shiva. These tales relate, among other things, the birth of the god Shasta and the destruction of Bhasmasura, the ash-demon. Mohini's main modus operandi is to trick or beguile those she encounters. She is worshipped throughout Indian culture, but mainly in Western India, where temples are devoted to her depicted as Mahalasa, the consort of Khandoba, a regional avatar of Shiva.
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